Stellar Slowdown: Stubborn Scientists Ignore Einstein's Rule on Empiricism

Scientific community's dependence on empirical data halts promising theories; slows advancement of space comprehension.

(SAN DIEGO) - True scientific methodology requires the unbiased and unprejudiced evaluation of data and factual information.

St Augustine in his study, a fresco by Sandro
Botticelli, 1480. On the stone beam above the
saint's head is an astrolabe, a device used by early
astronomers to measure the altitude of celestial
bodies and as a navigational aid. The symbolism
reflects the 15th century church's uneasy
accommodation with scientific thinking.
Photograph: Ognissanti Church, Florence

Einstein once admonished scientists not to rely on empiricism but to base their theories on proven science data.

Since we did not have the fantastic satellites in the 15th century, the theories that the scientists of today inherited were clearly based on what the scientists believed they saw in the distance. Now that we are gathering factual data and photos, I think it is time to review the ancient beliefs in an unbiased and unprejudiced manner.

Some of the electromagnetic energy explanations I advocated in 1978 have been verified by recent data gathered by the space probes. However, due to skepticism and the inherent stubborn resistance to change, it may take another 30 years before all of it will be realized.

On Feb. 28, 2001, NASA broadcast a program titled, “Space Science Update”. It contained information and photos from the SOHO, IMAGE, TRACE, POLAR and ACE satellites. Dr Craig De Forest, of Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado, said: “The Sun is not just a big ball of gas”.

Showing a video of the Sun, he said: “This is what the Sun looks like today. You can see it is completely covered with active regions. They look like flames all over the surface which were caused by the emergence of new magnetic fields that opposes the direction of the old field and they are causing really exciting and dramatic events on the Sun; The largest explosions of the solar system and also profound effects here on Earth. You can see dark spots on the surface caused by concentrations of magnetic field. The effect of the magnetic field on the corona is the titanic electrical currents induced in the Sun’s atmosphere and occasionally the magnetic field undergoes drastic changes suddenly, producing large explosions, flares and coronal mass ejections.”

I paid to have an article published in our local “Sun News” dated Jan. 17, 1979 in which I wrote: Is the Sun really a ‘burning ball of fire’? Or is it a fantastic optical illusion that has fooled billions of people over the centuries?

Electricity generates much higher temperature than fire. That is why electrical induction furnaces are used for extremely high temperature applications. We measure intense electrical emissions from solar flares and sunspots.

Close up shot of a sunspot taken in ultraviolet light by NASA's
TRACE spacecraft. NASA photo: kellyoakes.wordpress.com

Watch a solar flare closely. It shoots from the surface with the speed of light, not flame. Inertia demands that everything moves in a straight line. The Sun pulls the Earth and the other planets from a straight line into an orbital path. Jupiter is 1,300 times larger than the Earth. The Sun’s influence extends beyond the orbit of Pluto, which is almost 4 billion miles from the Sun. This immense magnetic energy cannot be ignored and attributed simply to gravity.

Are we to believe that the Sun accomplishes this tremendous feat simply by burning gases? Sir Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity is incomplete because it was written hundreds of years before the electromagnet and its field energy was discovered. Even today, it is admitted that nobody completely understands electricity. It is about time somebody tries to understand it and update the outmoded theories to conform with new scientific data.

Now, the scientists are finally beginning to consider the magnetic field current energy and its fantastic characteristics seriously.

The reason I paid to have this published is because the newspaper editor wrote to me that he could not publish my article because: “The fact that the so-called ‘experts’ in the field have rejected your material as non-scientific in the presentation of your theories reduces any credibility we could give it in a newspaper story.” I believed it was important enough to prod scientists to discuss the importance of the magnetic field of the Sun that it was worth paying to publish the article. The policy of the newspaper was that it must be enclosed with a line all around the article and clearly marked as an advertisement on all four sides even though I did not have anything to advertise. These reports confirm my contention that magnetic field current energy should have been a topic of serious scientific discussion for the past 30 years.

In a Nov. 5, 1997 NASA news conference, Dr. Alan Title said: “We have finally solved a 55 year old puzzle; why is it hundreds of degrees hotter outside the Sun than inside. The Sun is surrounded by the equivalent of an electric blanket. The blanket is heated by magnetism, however, not by electricity.”

In a May 29, 2007 “History” TV program titled, “Universe: The Sun”, after examining data and photos taken by the SOHO, IMAGE and POLAR satellites, the scientists reported: “Thousands of mammoth explosions rock our Sun every year. You might expect this explosive force to come from nuclear explosions in the core, but in reality what drives all outbursts of solar violence is magnetism. When a sunspot unleashes its magnetic energy, what results are the most colossal explosions in the solar system – solar flares.”

A July 2004 National Geographic article, states: “Temperatures in the corona regularly top two million degrees F. Where is that tremendous heat coming from? A key SOHO discovery was that small-scale magnetic fields are constantly generated all over the Sun just under the surface” says SOHO’s U.S. project scientist Joseph Gurman of NASA's Goddard Space Center.

“This magnetic carpet is made up of small loops arcing up from the photosphere. The bases of the loops are pushed around by plasma. When two lines are shoved together, their stored electrical energy grows to unmaintainable levels. The lines break and reconnect with each other to form a lower energy configuration. The excess energy – sometimes billions of kilowatt-hours – is released in an instant. After decades of not being able to come up with enough energy for a coronal-heating model, we now have a thousand times more energy than needed.”

The explanation by Dr. Gurman is unnecessarily complex. The explosion is simply caused by the collision or convergence of highly intensified negative and positive magnetic field currents.

A letter to the editor of “The Daily Californian” was published on March 5, 1981 titled “Here’s a Different Theory On Why The Sun Shines”.

I wrote: “The most significant official scientific public statement came on Dec. 7, 1980 concerning newly detected data that stated: “A finding that cast doubt on the basic fusion theory of why the Sun shines.”

In response to this statement, I wrote: “The bottom line is that the Sun does not shine due to the thermonuclear furnace baloney. It shines due to the electromagnetic reaction of its magnetosphere with other magnetospheres.”

In a NASA program in Feb. 2001, the SOHO satellite reportedly detected more of the magnetic fields on the Sun. Dr. Craig De Forest, of Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado, said: “We’ve found this jet stream which nobody suspected before. This is a real find and threw a curve ball into the whole process. We’re going to need further analysis to really understand some of these new features we’ve seen. But hopefully we will have a new understanding not only about the Sun and stars in general but also how it directly affects the Earth.”

It is more astonishing when you consider that I have spent over 30 years trying to prod the scientists and professors to discuss and consider the importance of magnetic field current energy and have been ignored or rebuffed.

In fact, in a snail mail letter I received from Dr. Stephan J. Edberg of JPL dated May 13, 1986, he wrote: "The invention of a new and unmeasurable phenomenon – ‘magnetic field currents – is not necessary. Until you can provide predictions of new phenomena that cannot be explained by physics as presently understood, your ideas will not be incorporated into the body of physical knowledge".

I am not a psychic so I could not predict phenomena that could not be explained in the future but, obviously, there are many that could not be explained with the conventional knowledge of physics.

The scientists claim internal thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen has powered the Sun for 4.5 billion years and has enough hydrogen to power the Sun for another 4.5 billion years. And the Sun purportedly is a ball of fire coalesced from the cloud of ash and gases from the explosion of a supernova 5 billion years ago.

And, reportedly, the Sun and all the planets in the solar system coalesced at the same time from molten matter with a temperature thousands of degrees F. What I would like the scientists to explain is how could a 9 billion year supply of hydrogen survive the tremendous heat of the explosion of the supernova without burning or exploding? The scientists simply respond: “This is an anomaly remaining to be resolved.”

Where did the incredible mass of the supernova that exploded 5 billion years ago come from in the first place? The explanation is that the molten mass coalesced and began spinning. What causes the Sun, the planets and the galaxies to begin spinning?

The explanation of sunspots at that time was that volatile gases seeped up to the surface of the Sun where they explode and create a sunspot. I pointed out to several professors that volatile gases would explode in the 20 million degree internal temperature of the Sun, so that could not be the cause of sunspots.

They said the gases would not explode until they reached the surface of the Sun and encountered oxygen. However, if you put a sealed propane tank in a fire at a temperature of only 2,000 degrees F., it will explode without encountering oxygen. In addition, a sunspot is a dark spot on the surface of the Sun. If it were caused by additional burning gases, it would produce an even brighter spot, not darker.

In 1980, I demonstrated for KGTV newscaster, Jack White, in his office, how I could assimilate the visual appearance of a sunspot with 2 magnets and a sheet of paper covered with steel shavings. By holding one magnet under the paper and lowering another magnetic of like polarity toward the paper, the conflicting magnetic field currents spread the shavings in a round area resembling the “filament” of a sunspot with a very clear center identical to the picture of a sunspot in the encyclopedia. Unfortunately, Mr. White said he had just a minuscule knowledge of science so he could not judge if my concept was right or the concept of burning gases.

A solar eruption, called a coronal mass ejection, was spotted by NASA’s Solar
Dynamics Observatory. Source: Space.com and FOX News

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections are purportedly attributed to an explosion that ejects thousands of tons of mass “equivalent to the mass of a comet” from the surface of the Sun.

However, as I stated in 1979, watch a solar flare closely. It not only shoots out from the Sun at near the speed of light, the “particles” vanish in clear view in open space in less than 1 million miles from the Sun. If particles sublimated from a comet are visible beginning 600 million miles from the Sun and continue to be visible for several years until it recedes far from the Sun, why do the particles from a solar flare or mass ejection from the Sun vanish so quickly?

Obviously, these are electromagnetic explosions from the atmosphere of the Sun, not from the surface. This energy stimulates the atoms of normally invisible gases it encounters to a glowing, visible state of excitement until the energy is dissipated, then the atoms return to their state of invisible gases and disappear.

If you watch the video of the glowing loops from the surface of the Sun in the new videos from the SOHO and IMAGE satellites, you can see where the energy loops merge they create a brighter glow from the increased intensity of the two magnetic field currents stimulating the gases in the vicinity to a brighter glow.

It is impossible to transfer heat per se through a vacuum. We have critics who read my articles, which is great. So, I will explain this portion of the concept in more detail. I appreciate any and all comments. My goal is to have these subjects discussed as much and as often as possible.

A thermos bottle is made with a double shell with a ¼ inch space of a sealed vacuum between them.

This ¼ inch vacuum space keeps hot items hot and cold items cold for many hours. The only way hot or cold liquid loose their temperature is through the neck of the bottle where there isn’t any vacuum space. If you break the seal and lose the vacuum, it will no longer keep hot liquid hot or cold liquid cold for more than a few minutes. Seventy years ago, my science professor explained that the transfer of heat or energy can be compared to a room full of ping pong balls.

If you push a ball on one side of the room, the force would be immediately transferred to the balls on the other side of the room. However, if there were only a few balls scattered in the room, the energy will not be transferred to the other side. There are 90 million miles of near perfect vacuum between the Sun and the Earth so there aren’t the necessary atoms of gases necessary to transfer the heat from one to the other to Earth.

So the heat we receive from the Sun cannot be heat per se but is created by the radiation of a magnetic field current flowing from the Sun that meets the resistance of the Earth’s magnetic field. This resistance is what generates the heat we feel.

Notice that when we blister from the Sun, it is not the same as being burned by heat. It is from the ultraviolet rays of the electromagnetic spectrum. Notice that iron and similar items that produce a greater resistance becomes hotter in the Sun that items of lesser resistance.

Note the ice crystals have been detected near the planet Mercury only 36 million miles from the Sun while a temperature hotter than the surface of the Sun has been detected in the vicinity of Jupiter 483 million miles from the Sun. The North and South poles of the Earth almost always have a 200 degree differential from the equator while they are only 4,000 miles farther from the Sun. If heat per se were radiated from the Sun, there should be a difference of a only a few degrees.

I know this has been attributed to the angle of incidence and the greenhouse effect. The reason it is hotter near the equator is because in addition to the radiated energy from the Sun the Earth is like a huge magnet that attracts the magnetic field current radiated from the Sun to its greatest volume of mass that is at the center of its sphere. So, as the Earth rotates, the center of the sphere always draws more energy than the rest of the Earth resulting in more resistance and higher temperature.

While global warming remains the same, instead of the “greenhouse” effect where the heat passes freely through the added particles in the atmosphere and then traps the heat from reflecting back away from the Earth, the addition of more particles into the atmosphere simply creates a greater resistance resulting in a higher temperature. The greenhouse effect depends on a contradiction of freely passing through yet stopping the reflected heat.

Edsel Chromie is a Detroit Michigan native who moved to San Diego in 1965. Edsel is a World War Two Navy veteran who served as a motor machinists mate on diesel electric systems where he learned about the magnetic field current swirling around the primary current flow through a wire as a part of Navy training to trace the direction of flow of the electricity in case of torpedo damage.

This led to Edsel's unique explanations of many phenomena of the universe. He also has four approved patents on solar energy and Sun tracking systems. Today Edsel writes about this unique set of life experiences for Salem-News.com, conveying information that seems especially relevant as nuclear disaster, potential changes in the earth's atmosphere, and what many view as an increasing level of natural disasters continue to dominate headlines. Perhaps many of the answers are on hand, yet unaccepted by the scientific community. You can write to Ed Chromie at this address: edchromie@cox.net