Comets, Dark Energy and the Mysterious Forces of Space

Remember Einstein’s statement, “Energy is mass and mass is energy.”

'A Farewell to Tails' by W. Pacholka. This was NASA'a Astronomy Picture of the Day December 15, 1997

(SAN DIEGO) - In a discussion on the “Daily Show” recently with Jon Stewart, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, Director of the Hayden Planetarium, said:

Neil deGrasse Tyson - Photo: Wikipedia

“When you are on the frontier of knowledge between what is known and unknown and reaching into that abyss, imagination is more important than knowledge. This is the creativity of discovery that not everyone has.”

And, in the March 9, 2006 “Nightline” program, he said:

“I’m a scientist and I like standing on the boundary between what is known and unknown and peering out into our ignorance and its that unknown that drives our curiosity.”

As in the case of the auroras and the rings of Saturn, the scientists are having difficulty in collecting particles from comets after 8 attempts and explaining the bizarre movement and speed of the particles involved. When the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet impacted on Jupiter with the Hubble telescope and many highly sophisticated Earth based instruments trained on the impact site, no water was detected.

Dr. Donald K. Yeomans, Senior Research Scientist at JPL said:

“Two of the surprises were that sulfur was identified and water wasn’t. If a comet is 80% to 90% water, why didn’t we detect water?”

When the VEGA and Giotto spacecraft flew right through the tail of comet Halley, the NASA scientists reported:

“It showed that Halley’s comet contained less dust than the clean rooms that spacecraft manufacturers use to assemble spacecraft.”

Robert Farquhar Photo: NASA

It was also reported that the VEGA spacecraft was “Zapped by an electrical charge.” When the International Cometary Explorer zipped right through the Giocobini-Zinner comet tail in 1985, NASA flight Director, Robert Farquhar, said:

“We haven’t seen any dust at all. I’m very surprised.”

The scientists at the imaging team in Darmstadt, Germany, said:

“The nucleus of comet Halley is blacker than black coal. It’s like black velvet. The dullest paint we can manufacture on Earth reflects more sunlight.”

Still, the scientists continue to stubbornly adhere to their belief that it is dust particles brightly reflecting sunlight that creates the coma and tail of a comet. In an Oct. 13, 2008 NASA report, Dr. Bill Reach of NASA’s Spitzer Science Center at California Institute of Technology, said:

Dr. Bill Reach- SIRTF Science Center

“We’ve been studying comets for hundreds of years – 116 years in the case of comet Holmes – but still do not really understand them. However, we are getting closer.” After 100 years, you would think that the scientists would recognize the fact that their basic belief is wrong and they should consider an alternative explanation.

Most people don’t know that the comet tail sweeps around the Sun like the spoke of a wheel. So the tail is behind the comet nucleus while traveling toward the Sun and actually extends 100 million miles ahead of the nucleus when it is traveling away from the Sun.

The comet travels 122,000 per hour – or almost 100 times the muzzle velocity of a 38 caliber bullet. If it the tail consists of a single volume of particles that completes the entire orbit this means that after the particles of dust leaves the nucleus, the particles at the end of its 100 million mile long tail must gain 3 times the 122,000 mph speed it was traveling when it left the nucleus in order to sweep around to a position ahead of the nucleus while traveling in a radius 100 million miles farther from the Sun than the nucleus.. Obviously, this is a mathematical and physical impossibility. In order for the 40 cubic mile mass of comet H.

When I asked the scientists why the heat of the Sun did not melt the nucleus completely when it was near the Sun for so long when the Scientists at Darmstadt, Germany reported the surface temperature of Halley’s comet was 85 degrees F., only 50 million miles from the Sun?

In a letter dated April 22, 1986, JPL scientist, Stephan Edberg, wrote:

“An insulating layer of dust allows a comet’s nucleus to be warmer than the melting point of ice. Your refrigerator uses insulation to keep food cold.”

The late Dr. Brian Marsden Photo: Harold Dorwin

Then when I asked the scientists how come the insulating layer of dust did not keep the comet from erupting into a shiny cloud of dust when had receded 1.3 billion miles from the Sun where the ambient temperature was more than 340 degrees below zero for many months, the late Dr. Brian Marsden, of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, in a letter dated Feb. 19, 1993, wrote to me:

“I see no conflict between 50,000 miles near the Sun and 180,000 miles far away. Inside the asteroid belt, cometary activity is almost exclusively governed by water-ice vaporization. Beyond that distance, where comets are normally much less active, the water-ice is frozen solid and any activity can be expected to be due to vaporization of more volatile hydrogen-carbon-nitrogen-oxygen compounds.”

Henry Brinton, Director of Research Program Management Division of NASA, wrote to mein a letter dated June 10, 1996:

“Most of the dust particles are as fine as cigarette smoke. The structure of the nucleus is extremely porous. Thus heat penetrates slowly into the nucleus, even as it recedes from the Sun. When some heat reaches a pocket of more volatile ices, such as carbon monoxide, that ice sublimates (vaporizes) rapidly, flows through the pores and entrains dust with it, making a large cloud of dust as reported when comet Halley had receded far from the Sun in 1991.”

On April 4, 1985, the Copley Radio News Service issued a “Wireless Flash” to their radio talk show host subscribers stating:

“The reasoning goes that as the Sun heats the snowball it sheds molecules and dust that are pushed by the solar wind into two separate tails by sunlight and the solar wind. But retired inventor and amateur astronomer Edsel Chromie says that’s a bunch of malarkey. Instead, Chromie’s theory is based on the concept of static electricity. He says Halley’s comet has a weak static electricity charge. When the comet breaks the magnetic lines of force of the Sun at high speed, it stimulates the molecules of gases already in its path to a visible glow. Chromie says it’s not much different than the natural forces that cause lightning or the phenomenon known as the aurora borealis.”

This resulted in live radio discussions via telephone with many radio talk show hosts. Professor John H. Simonetti of Virginia Polytechnic University heard my discussion with talk show host Gary Minter on station WFIR in Roanoke, Va. In a letter he wrote to me dated Feb. 24, 1991 -- just two weeks before it was stated that Halley’s comet had erupted into a shiny dust cloud 180,000 miles across -- he stated:

Voyager 2 launch. Photo: NASA

Voyager 1 launch. Photo: NASA

“Periodic returning comets become less spectacular (dimmer) with successive passages, which is consistent with their loss of material on each passage.” It was almost immediately after purportedly losing 'material' for many months within the inner solar system that Halley’s comet “erupted” into a much more 'spectacular' size and brightness than it managed to create just months earlier when it was more than a billion miles closer to the Sun. What happened to the protection of “The insulating layer of dust”?

An article published in the San Diego Union on Aug. 12, 1995 titled, “Gusts of Sun” regarding data gathered by the Ulysses spacecraft, stated:

“Last year, radio receivers on board both Voyagers registered a loud burst that researchers believe was the crash of a large ejection of solar plasma colliding with the heliopause. Computer analysis of the bursts by Paulette Liewer, a theorist at JPL, indicated that the boundary lies about 1.5 billion miles from the Sun.”

It is not just a coincidence that this is the exact distance Halley’s comet was when it erupted into a shiny cloud of dust 180,000 miles across. So, it was not an explosion but a bright glow of atoms of gases created by the comet encountering the magnetic field current energy of the heliopause and generating an exceptionally intensified charge of static electricity that created the immense and bright glow, not the heat of the Sun.

The comet on the evening of its closest approach to Earth on 25 March 1996. Courtesy: Wikipedia

On April 5, 1996, KTLA television news broadcast, NASA reported they were surprised because comet Hyakutake was emitting X-ray energy at a rate 100 times higher than it should, but that is alright because NASA scientists like to figure these things out. Comet Hyakutake was measured as only 2 miles across and scientists were trying to determine whether the X-rays were coming from the comet or the Sun.

Nothing more has been reported regarding “figuring out” this anomaly but it should be obvious that this X-ray energy does not come from either one but is generated between the comet nucleus and the Sun via the nucleus traveling at high speed through the magnetic field current radiated from the Sun. This is similar to the spark produced between your finger and another object after you walked across a carpet when the humidity is low.

In an interview with a local reporter published in the local newspaper, “The Daily Californian”, regarding my theory about comets on Dec. 26, 1985, Astronomer Clint Hatchett of the Reuben Fleet Science Center, said:

“Mr. Chromie is an interesting character with some different ideas. His idea I can’t agree with is that the atoms in space are glowing because the magnetic field around the nucleus is exciting them to glow and that’s really farfetched because there isn’t that much material out there to glow.”

Then, almost 20 years later the scientists reported only recently discovering “A form of matter we can’t see – dark matter”. In a June 22, 2004 program broadcast on KPBS titled “The Dark Side of the Universe”, narrated by Alan Alda, Dr. Michael Turner of the University of Chicago, said:

“I think what you are starting to see is that we don’t know very much about it at all. We need some help. We just don’t know what it is; a mysterious force out there in space that literally comes out of nowhere. It’s pushing the universe apart faster and faster. But astronomers now suspect that matter we can see in the universe resulted from a titanic struggle between a form of matter we can’t see, dark matter, and a force, dark energy that we’ve only recently detected. Together, dark energy and dark matter rule our universe.”

It is exactly this undetectable magnetic field current that I have been demonstrating and trying to apprise the scientists the importance of for over 30 years that is the dark energy and also the dark matter. Remember Einstein’s statement, “Energy is mass and mass is energy.”

Also from Edsel Chromie: Aurora Borealis & Magnetic Storms in an Accelerating, Expanding Universe - Edsel Chromie for Salem-News.com

This led to Edsel's unique explanations of many phenomena of the universe. He also has four approved patents on solar energy and Sun tracking systems. Today Edsel writes about this unique set of life experiences for Salem-News.com, conveying information that seems especially relevant as nuclear disaster, potential changes in the earth's atmosphere, and what many view as an increasing level of natural disasters continue to dominate headlines. Perhaps many of the answers are on hand, yet unaccepted by the scientific community. You can write to Ed Chromie at this address: edchromie@cox.net